Trauma assessment is a critical process in identifying and addressing the physical, psychological, and emotional effects of trauma across the lifespan. This chapter explores advancements in trauma assessment protocols, highlighting the role of nurses in conducting trauma-informed evaluations. It discusses validated screening and diagnostic tools, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate assessments based on age, setting, and trauma history. The nursing process, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, provides a structured approach to trauma care. Nurses play a key role in recognizing trauma symptoms, initiating referrals, and implementing interventions to support recovery. The chapter also reviews barriers to trauma screening, the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and non-traditional assessment methods such as art and play therapy. Through early identification and comprehensive assessment, nurses can improve patient outcomes and facilitate timely interventions for trauma survivors.