Across geographic regions during the Middle Ages, religion, even as it offered pretexts for confining women to prescribed gender roles, served as a vehicle for women’s education and, hence, as the foundation and subject of some of the earliest women’s writing. Some of the most influential women’s texts and the earliest bodies of feminist thought derive from women’s participation in religious culture. Recent movements of feminist theology have foregrounded the importance of women within religion and led to revisionary efforts to recover historic women’s contributions to religious thought. Evidence for women’s writing emerges from within religions including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Jainism, Shintoism, Sikhism, and Taoism, but women’s writing also often challenges the hierarchical premises of these religions, particularly through its use of mystical discourse. A significant amount of scholarship has been dedicated to medieval women’s writing within specific spiritual traditions, and growing body of scholarship applies comparative approaches to women’s religious writing across the global Middle Ages.