Agnes of Bohemia (1211?–1282) is a Czech cultural icon linked to a major illuminated manuscript (New York, Morgan Library ms M.739). Another manuscript made for her grand-niece, Kunhuta, educated at Agnes’s convent, includes the earliest extant Czech poem Modlitba Kunhutina (Kunhuta’s Prayer). Agnes and her circle wrote in Czech, Polish, German, and Latin, and used musical notation and Greek and Hebrew words. In 1231–1234, Agnes founded a double convent in the part of Prague that became known as Na Františku. She founded the hospitaller and crusading order of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star, the only male order created by a woman. Many remaining sources show Agnes as an administrator, diplomat, and spiritual author.