IBD affects over five million people globally, with rising prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies provide crucial insights into the number of cases, new diagnoses, and factors contributing to IBD outbreaks. Developed countries show higher rates of IBD, particularly in the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Australia, while lower incidences are seen in southern and eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In developing nations, incidence rates are increasing rapidly. Understanding these trends aids in exploring IBD’s aetiology, pathogenesis, and its evolving global impact.