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This chapter systematically examines biomass-to-hydrogen (B2H) conversion integrated with carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a strategic approach for achieving net-negative emissions in carbon-intensive sectors. Emphasis is placed on thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal liquefaction routes for converting lignocellulosic biomass and organic waste into hydrogen-rich syngas. Among these, steam-assisted gasification coupled with water–gas shift and CCS is identified as the most technologically mature pathway for maximizing hydrogen yield and minimizing CO2 emissions. Advanced purification methods, including membrane separation and cryogenic distillation, are evaluated for enhancing hydrogen purity. Fermentation and anaerobic digestion offer complementary biological pathways for hydrogen production, while hydrothermal liquefaction is highlighted for its suitability in processing high-moisture biomass, albeit with unresolved challenges in scalability and cost-efficiency. Comparative assessment of these technologies reveals that feedstock composition, reactor configuration, and operating parameters critically influence process efficiency and output. The chapter underscores the importance of technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment in determining the viability of B2H systems. Overall, biomass-derived hydrogen with integrated CCS is presented as a promising decarbonization solution, supporting global energy transition objectives and reinforcing circular bioeconomy principles.

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Biomass-to-Hydrogen with Carbon Capture: A Pathway to Net-Negative Emissions in Bioindustries

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Arun Karnwal,
  • Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha,
  • Aqueel-Ur-Rehman,
  • Gargy Kashyap,
  • Amar Yasser Jassim,
  • Natalia Nesterova,
  • Tabarak Malik

摘要

This chapter systematically examines biomass-to-hydrogen (B2H) conversion integrated with carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a strategic approach for achieving net-negative emissions in carbon-intensive sectors. Emphasis is placed on thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal liquefaction routes for converting lignocellulosic biomass and organic waste into hydrogen-rich syngas. Among these, steam-assisted gasification coupled with water–gas shift and CCS is identified as the most technologically mature pathway for maximizing hydrogen yield and minimizing CO2 emissions. Advanced purification methods, including membrane separation and cryogenic distillation, are evaluated for enhancing hydrogen purity. Fermentation and anaerobic digestion offer complementary biological pathways for hydrogen production, while hydrothermal liquefaction is highlighted for its suitability in processing high-moisture biomass, albeit with unresolved challenges in scalability and cost-efficiency. Comparative assessment of these technologies reveals that feedstock composition, reactor configuration, and operating parameters critically influence process efficiency and output. The chapter underscores the importance of technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment in determining the viability of B2H systems. Overall, biomass-derived hydrogen with integrated CCS is presented as a promising decarbonization solution, supporting global energy transition objectives and reinforcing circular bioeconomy principles.