Water is an exceptionally essential natural source for all living things. Due to rapid industrialization and population increase, water quality has been adversely affected. Globally, the volume of wastewater generated and contaminant loads are increasing due to various factors. Especially, water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from industries. The untreated discharge of electroplating wastewater may lead to the formation of hazardous metal–organic complexes that are harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop economically and environmentally friendly treatment procedures to protect the environment and remove electroplating effluents from the aquatic system. The advanced electrochemical oxidation process (AEOP), which is low-cost and highly efficient, may be applicable in electroplating wastewater treatment with heavy metals and organic acids. Research on AEOP has recently become an interesting topic as it has been shown to oxidize most organic contaminants to inorganic carbon through mineralization effectively. Hence, this study reviews the currently most promising AEOP, introduces its basic principles, mechanisms, and describes the properties of various electrode materials. At the same time, the effects of operating conditions such as reactor configuration, supporting electrolytes, and electrode materials on the degradation effect are discussed.