Channel Bar Classification for Piedmont Fluvial Environment of Darjeeling Himalayan Foothill Region in India
摘要
Channel bar is an aggradational landform in a fluvial environment sculptured by running water. The present research aims to contribute a new classification scheme of channel bars, focusing on the Darjeeling Himalayan Foothill Region (DHFR). The methodology includes the multi-criteria analysis (MCA), paleohydrological expedition, open facies analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) test, Sieve analysis (2015–2019) and application of union and interpolation methods for understanding the stability of channel bars since the 2000s. Five determining scales, namely Level I (Geomorphic), Level II (Hydrological), Level III (Sedimentological), Level IV (Human Intervention), Level V (Application), and 25 individual indicators have been taken into consideration to classify the channel bars into ten categories. Medial, lateral, diagonal, expansion, longitudinal, transverse, and point bar are found in this region depending on the seven unique conditions (Condition I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII). Ten individual channel bars in the piedmont environment have been classified based on five determining scales. In the upper piedmont region, ‘A,’ ‘B,’ ‘C,’ and ‘D’; in middle piedmont ‘E,’ ‘F,’ and ‘G’ and lastly ‘H,’ ‘I,’ and ‘J’ in the lower piedmont. Each type of channel bar has unique applications, functions, and uses. For the river basin management authority, forestry, agriculture and horticulture, regional planner and local governance determining the land use of the piedmont environment, the new approach in the classification of channel bars may be beneficial to achieve sustainable development goals.