Nanomaterials have emerged as promising materials for addressing environmental pollution due to their unique properties and versatile applications. This chapter explores the diverse applications of nanomaterials in environmental pollution control, focusing on their effectiveness in remediation, sensing, and treatment processes. Various types of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocomposites, are discussed in terms of their specific roles in pollution mitigation. The versatility of nanomaterials for their unique physicochemical properties, which can be tailored and engineered to target specific pollutants and environmental matrices. Nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanocomposites, and other nanostructures exhibit enhanced reactivity, surface area, and transport properties, making them highly effective in pollutant removal, degradation, and detection. In the realm of water pollution control, nanomaterials have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in removing heavy metals, organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants from contaminated water sources Nanoparticles such as zero-valent iron and titanium dioxide exhibit strong adsorption and catalytic properties, facilitating the removal and degradation of pollutants through processes such as adsorption, oxidation, and photocatalysis. One of the most promising environmental implementations of nanotechnology has been the remediation of air pollution. In this context, several nanomaterials such as nano adsorbents, nano catalysts, nano filters, and nano sensors have been introduced. Nanomaterials can adsorb the contaminant found in the air. These Case studies highlighting successful applications of nanomaterials in environmental pollution control are presented. These include the use of nanomaterials for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water, the remediation of oil spills through nano catalysts, and the development of nano sensors for detecting pollutants in air and water. nanomaterials hold immense potential for revolutionizing environmental pollution control strategies, offering innovative, efficient, and sustainable solutions to address the complex challenges of pollution in the twenty-first century.