Abiotic stressors like drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, cold, ozone poisoning, and metal toxicity can adversely affect plant productivity. Studies have shown that various genes with diverse functions are activated in response to these stressors, mediated by signaling factors, including transcription factors. Quantifying gene expression and conducting comparative analyses at a high-throughput level are essential to study these factors and develop solutions. Microarrays provide a platform for studying differential expression profiling of targeted genes and applicable to gene expression studies from single gene to whole genome. This technology allows quantification of differential gene expression on a single glass slide in one experiment. Understanding the regulation patterns of differentially expressed genes can elucidate stress-responsive pathways at both cellular and molecular levels. This helps in the identification of stress-responsive genes, transcription factors, cis- elements, co-regulated genes, and downstream regulatory genes. The candidate genes identified through microarray analysis are instrumental in understanding stress responses and help in the development of climate-resilient plants through various molecular tools, including molecular breeding, genetic engineering, anti-sense RNA silencing, genome editing, base editing, and prime editing.