This chapter will thus aim to show that the history of governmentality merges with the history of state monopolization, without concealing the formidable difficulties of the enterprise: how are we to connect micro-powers and political concentration? And how are we to make the Foucauldian concept of power compatible with the sociological concept of monopoly? I will argue: (1) that the concept of governmentality was not in the least developed to devalue the question of the state, but to understand this connection (with more or less success); and (2) that a solution to this problem consists in the idea that the concept of state monopolization does not imply a substantialist vision of power, but, quite the contrary, a relational and structural conception.By systematically comparing Foucault's agonistics with the Marxist tradition (e.g. L. Althusser, N. Poulantzas and E. P. Thompson) and historical sociology (e.g. M. Weber, N. Elias and P. Bourdieu), we can emphasise its original contribution to our understanding of the relationship between statisation, the emergence of capitalism and power structures, and class struggles.