The article examined the relationship between the instantaneous vehicle speed at the time of an accident and the severity of the consequences of these accidents. For this purpose, statistics from investigations of 372 accident cases were analyzed. The data were divided into two groups depending on the severity of the health consequences of the victims, namely moderate bodily injury and severe bodily injury or death. The distributions of vehicle speeds for the two groups of data were compared both for the overall sample and separately for collisions and pedestrian collisions. The results found that in all cases, weighted average vehicle speeds were slightly higher for the more severe-impact samples. However, we can talk about a statistically significant effect of vehicle speed on the severity of injuries of victims in road accidents only for a collision with a pedestrian, where the difference of mean value was 8 km/h. This may indicate a significant influence on the severity of the consequences of an accident by other factors, such as the design parameters of the car, the use of a seat belt, etc. These studies will be useful when making decisions in the field of improving road safety by controlling the speed limit on the roads.