Instances of structural elements failing to meet design requirements in construction projects are not uncommon. The ACI building code outlines procedures to address such noncompliance, yet limited published investigations in this area have led to project delays due to insufficient experience in systematic action. This paper presents the application of code provisions and state-of-the-art strengthening techniques to a dormitory building project in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Structural analysis and experimental investigation were employed to address concrete noncompliance and errors in slab and beam elements. Through observation, analysis of quality control test results, nondestructive tests, and structural modeling, the overall structural system’s capacity, particularly concerning beams and slabs, was evaluated. The study highlights the need for rehabilitation work on beam and slab elements, using techniques to enhance structural performance without demolition. Strengthening mechanisms were recommended based on in-house capacity, material availability, and project constraints. Among the beam strengthening options explored, beam jacketing with additional reinforcements is selected. For slabs, a combination of concrete overlay and additional reinforced concrete beam support for larger panels is recommended. This study aims to inform future investigations in similar scenarios, fostering understanding among construction stakeholders by presenting scientifically verified cases.