Antonia Sáez Torres and the Cultural Uplift of the Laboring Poor: A Life in Teaching and Defending the Spanish Language
摘要
This chapter delves extensively into the 1967 memoir of the mulatto teacher Antonia Sáez Torres, Caminos del recuerdo, to provide a better understanding of the life-long commitment to education, family, and Puerto Rican cultural traditions among this island’s lower-middle class and laboring population of color. This memoir and her correspondence collection open a window into the conditions and changes in Puerto Rico’s educational system, notably the imposition of English language on Spanish-speaking school children, during the early decades of U.S. colonial rule. More importantly, these memoirs also offer a glimpse into the lives and struggles of the predominantly Afro-descended community of artisans, professionals, and day-laborers in Puerto Rico who were striving toward social and cultural progress and of the educated women of color who aided them. These texts afford a rich record of how a schoolteacher of African descent went beyond the public schoolroom to spend her time—without compensation—giving lessons within an artisan social space that was overwhelmingly black and mulatto, an institutional venue she helped establish and maintain.