Moving Forward with President Biden
摘要
This chapter considers directives moving forward by analyzing the race-related directives of President Biden for three of the four years of his first term. His use of ceremonial and substantive directives steered the race-related actions of the federal government into new directions. Yet, like presidents before him, he employed a race-conscious and race-neutral approach. President Biden issued significantly more race-related directives than prior presidents and shifted policy away from the prior administration. The Biden administration however, faced substantial checks on executive power and race preferences by the Federal Courts. The Supreme Court in fact, was able to temporarily stem the tide of an imperial presidency and their decisions had a chilling effect on affirmative action in higher education, employment and minority business opportunities. The impact of their decisions on future presidents remains to be seen.