If you are taking the time to read this book for your own professional development, or to integrate in formal didactics, supervision, or other coursework, we as a field are already one step closer to addressing a long history of reduced attention to women’s and gender issues in medical research. These gaps, from training, to study design and methodological approach, to a history of biases in the peer review process, compound one another and reduce both the quality of our research and generalizable knowledge, and ultimately impact patient care and do a disservice to our students and trainees. We, the editors of the present book, have personally experienced such gaps, from lack of inclusion of these topics across our doctoral training, clinical internships, and/or post-doctoral fellowships, to, experiences in our professional lives; for example, receiving a culturally insensitive response from peer reviewers stating, “I do not find the statistical comparison between men and women particularly informative or interesting.” Such a statement came from but one of many voices across various facets of the scientific community which continue to influence how research is disseminated, how education and training is structured, and how clinical care is performed. Overall, we aim to bring to this book our personal and professional passions for instigating change in our field, and dismantling the current historical precedents of marginalization and minimization of women in research, particularly related to cognition.