This chapter examines the proliferation, adaptation, and utilization of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) by violent non-state actors (VNSAs) throughout Africa, a phenomenon influenced by the democratization of technology and the spread of network affiliations. Initially exemplified by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in the Middle East, UAS technology has demonstrated versatility for deployment in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and limited kinetic operations by armed groups within Africa. Although the documented malicious use of UAS in Africa is comparatively less widespread than in other regions, factors such as open-source knowledge, network connections, and the accessibility of technology pose increasing security concerns. This chapter undertakes a comparative analysis of the potential and actual applications of UAS by African VNSAs in contract to military and civilian UAS usage, highlighting the shifting threat landscape and the pressing necessity for coordinated policy responses. There is a focused emphasis on the dual-use nature of UAS technology, which, despite its economic and humanitarian advantages, may empower non-state actors to exert territorial influence and psychological pressure beyond their traditional capabilities. The chapter advocates for proactive engagement by regional organizations to develop countermeasures and regulations, drawing insights from globally acquired lessons.