Our goal in editing this book was to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the literature on the home literacy environment (HLE) and its relation with literacy development across different languages and contexts. As the chapters in this book and the body of research over the past decades have demonstrated, we now have a much better understanding of what constitutes HLE and how it relates to children’s literacy development. At the same time, the chapters have identified several “known unknowns” in the field, brought about in part by the changing societies and the rapidly evolving technologies surrounding families and children. In this concluding chapter, we reflect on the major discussions of the three sections rather than simply listing the summaries of each chapter. In doing so, we discuss the past (what we have learned) and the future (where we go from here) of HLE research.