The home literacy environment (HLE) plays a pivotal role in fostering children’s emergent language and literacy skills. This chapter discusses the sociocultural factors that shape the HLE in Chinese families and examines the relationships between aspects of the HLE and Chinese children’s language and literacy skills. It also provides an overview of the characteristics of Chinese parenting, the Chinese language, educational policies of language and literacy learning in early childhood in mainland China and Hong Kong. Moreover, the ways in which HLE factors influence English as a second language are discussed, and suggestions are also made regarding how children’s engagement with digital devices may elicit challenges and opportunities for parent-child HLE and child development in the digital era.