Currently, different studies have shown that traditional agriculture represents a valuable source for the preservation and conservation of natural resources on the planet. Despite this, agrobiodiversity represents a biological resource with a high degree of ecological vulnerability. Therefore, possibly the study of the elements that make up the processes of agrobiodiversity management within traditional agriculture could establish the paradigms for its study in a sustainable way. The above will allow us to recognize how over time the biocultural knowledge of farmers has influenced the management of their resources and their processes. Therefore, we carried out a bibliometric analysis on the main studies that recognize agrobiodiversity management within traditional agriculture in the countries that are the center of origin of cultivated plant species. Our findings showed how the main processes within traditional agriculture intervene in its management—seed selection, pest control, storage, distribution, trade-. Furthermore, we identify how the modern management of agrobiodiversity is a complex socio-ecological system that affects different areas of study such as sociology, anthropology, ethnobiology, ethnobotany, bioeconomy, gastronomy, and tourism.