This chapter on malpractice in obstetrics and gynecology delves into the complexities of medical malpractice, outlining the significant shift in perspective that practitioners undergo as they transition from trainees to independent providers responsible for patient outcomes. It highlights the necessity of understanding medical negligence, emphasizing the high incidence of malpractice suits in this specialty, and advocate for robust preventive and risk management strategies. The text also explains the legal underpinnings of malpractice, including the three essential components of a malpractice claim: deviation from the standard of care, proven damage, and causation. Moreover, it discusses the critical role of malpractice insurance and proactive risk management through informed consent and meticulous documentation, providing essential knowledge to safeguard practitioners and enhance patient care.