Accurate estimation of sedimentYield yield (SY), water discharge, and surface runoff is essential for effective water resource management in dam catchments. This chapter estimates Sediment Yield (SY), water discharge, and surface runoff in the Damodar River Basin, specifically focusing on the catchments of MaithonMaithon, PanchetPanchet, and TenughatTenughat Dams, using the Soil and WaterSoil water assessment tool Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model simulates hydrological processes, including sediment transport, runoff generation, and discharge, based on environmental factors such as land use, soil characteristics, topography, and precipitation. Utilizing 30 years of hydro-climaticHydroclimatic data, the model was calibrated and validated to simulate sediment yield, discharge, and runoff across various sub-watersheds. The model’s performance was assessed using statistical measures such as R2, RMSE, and MAE to evaluate the accuracy of simulated values compared to observed data. The model results revealed spatial and temporal variations in sediment transport and runoff dynamics, providing valuable insights into erosion-prone areas and sediment deposition zones within the basin. This chapter highlights the effectiveness of the SWAT model in predicting sediment dynamicsSediment dynamics and hydrological variables, providing critical information for discharge, soil erosionSoil erosion, and sediment yield rate in the Damodar River Basin. This chapter provides crucial information for enhancing the sustainability of water resources, improving sediment management strategies, and addressing sedimentation issues in the Damodar River Basin.