A point at which a metric space is not weakly locally connected is referred to as a congestion point because, as is shown in this chapter, the boundaries of arbitrarily small neighbourhoods of such a point in a connected metric space have infinitely many components. In addition, if the metric space is connected and locally compact, all balls centred at a congestion point with sufficiently small radii have infinitely many components, and consequently components of congestion points are never singletons. From these observations it is shown that if the solutions \(x \in X\) of ( 1.1a ) are isolated in X for each fixed \(\lambda \in \mathbb R\) , the global connected set of solutions \((\lambda ,x) \in \mathbb R \times X\) of ( 1.1a ), as in global bifurcation theory, is path-connected. Moreover, if R in ( 1.1a ) is real-analytic except at countably many points of \(\mathbb R\times X\) it is shown that any component of non-trivial solutions of ( 1.1a ) is path connected.

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Congestion Points

  • Boris Buffoni,
  • John Toland

摘要

A point at which a metric space is not weakly locally connected is referred to as a congestion point because, as is shown in this chapter, the boundaries of arbitrarily small neighbourhoods of such a point in a connected metric space have infinitely many components. In addition, if the metric space is connected and locally compact, all balls centred at a congestion point with sufficiently small radii have infinitely many components, and consequently components of congestion points are never singletons. From these observations it is shown that if the solutions \(x \in X\) of ( 1.1a ) are isolated in X for each fixed \(\lambda \in \mathbb R\) , the global connected set of solutions \((\lambda ,x) \in \mathbb R \times X\) of ( 1.1a ), as in global bifurcation theory, is path-connected. Moreover, if R in ( 1.1a ) is real-analytic except at countably many points of \(\mathbb R\times X\) it is shown that any component of non-trivial solutions of ( 1.1a ) is path connected.