Extreme environmental phenomena, resulting from natural or anthropogenic causes, can have serious impacts on human displacement, particularly in countries with low development rate, for instance some Latin American and Caribbean States. In 2010, the earthquake that devastated Haiti affected the local population and, hence, generated human displacement. This chapter deals with the consequences of the absence of legal protection for these people, written through a deep theoretical literature review. The complexity of human displacements from environmental causes, linked to other causes, has pointed to the understanding that human mobility processes are also consequences of climate change going through on the planet. The increase in environmental upheavals leads to the need to guarantee the rights of these vulnerable people.