Urban plants face a growing struggle to survive as climate change intensifies biotic and abiotic stress factors. From droughts to heatwaves, plants in cities are constantly challenged by changing environments. In this chapter, we explore how these stressors hinder plant growth, disrupt essential processes like photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, and even alter urban ecosystems. You’ll discover how higher temperatures and salt concentrations impact plant survival and why urban vegetation is crucial for improving our physical and mental health. By understanding these challenges and the profound role urban plants play in our lives, we can work toward protecting the green spaces that support us.