The Making of Crimmigrants
摘要
The risk process creates crimmigrants. The crimmigrant is a social construction at the intersection of a Foucauldian conception of knowledge, truth, and power (Foucault, 1977, p. 24). Katja Franko (2020) applied this Foucauldian analysis to biometric technologies to understand crimmigrant bodies as subjected to penal power, giving rise to a specific kind of subjectivity. She states that “(i)n their capacity to reveal ‘truth’ about migrant identities and movements,” the crimmigrant serves as the point of contact for the state “to gain a grip over the individual and use […] their body for its own purposes” (Franko, 2020). Ines Valdez (2016) identifies racialized subjectivities produced in this process. As a component of the legal process, risk generates a racialized and “illegal” subjectivity, defining it as culpable and posing a threat to public safety and security, thereby ensuring its physical detention. This book shows that the risk tool similarly re-inscribes punitive practices. It is a form of punishment. As shown in Fig. 1.1 , this book applies an actuarial approach to the crimmigrant. It goes to great lengths to show the state using actuarial methods to cull knowledge and gain truth and power over immigrants in custody. The knowledge gained is voluminous. The power over the crimmigrant body is enormous. The risk tool constrains immigrant bodies in a way that is deeply connected to sovereignty, national identity, and the perversion of truth.