Production of Enzymes of Industrial Interest by Fungus Isolated from Macaúba Cake and Cultivated on Mixtures of Biomasses from Sustainable Extractivism
摘要
Filamentous fungi are excellent enzyme producers and can be cultivated on lignocellulosic biomasses for industrial applications. The biomass of macaúba pulp cake, a byproduct of biodiesel production, is promising for biorefineries, capable of conversion into bioethanol and other valuable products. We hypothesize that cultivating fungi on macaúba cake with other lignocellulosic residues, like tucumã and açaí biomass from the cosmetics industry, can enhance industrial enzyme production. This study aimed to evaluate the production of beta-glucosidase, alpha-galactosidase, and laccase by fungi isolated from macaúba pulp cake and grown on biomass mixtures from sustainable sources. The fungi, isolated from macaúba cake biomass, were cultivated in a mineral medium with various biomass mixtures defined by a simplex centroid mixture design (macaúba, tucumã, and açaí). Enzymatic activities were measured using specific synthetic substrates: p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) for beta-glucosidase, galactopyranoside (pNPGal) for alpha-galactosidase, and p-nitrophenyl-α-D 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) for laccase. Different mixtures maximized enzyme production: 100% macaúba for beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase, and mixtures with at least 17% tucumã and 33% macaúba for laccase. This study concludes that macaúba cake biomass can serve as a sole carbon source for enzyme production, with additional biomasses increasing enzyme diversity and applications.