Source rocks of the ZFTB mostly generated under-saturated oil during thermal maturation, but the subsequent phase fractionations depended on the depth/pressure of the accumulation sites. Generally, petroleum migration and accumulation processes in the ZFTB were largely influenced by the tectonic processes related to the Zagros orogeny. The Sarchahan, Hanifa/Diyab, and Sargelu/Garau source rocks expelled their petroleum well before the Zagros orogeny. Therefore, the expelled petroleum originally had to migrate into broad paleo-highs. These reserves stayed at higher pressure/temperatures for a long time until they eventually became redistributed and/or fractionated during the Zagros orogeny. In contrast, expulsion from the Kazhdumi source rock started after the Zagros orogeny. Hence, the related hydrocarbons migrated into shallow anticlinal traps and mostly fractionated into separate oil and gas phases. This phenomenon probably controlled the present-day distribution of oil and gas accumulations in the ZFTB, where most of the oil accumulations are associated with a gas cap and most of the gas accumulations have an oil rim. The last but not least, thrust faulting associated with the orogenic compression significantly affected the maturity evolution of the Kazhdumi kitchens and predominantly defined the style of trap charging.