Mediastinal procedures were traditionally performed with sternotomy, thoracotomy, and clamshell incisions requiring long hospital stays and recovery time. Since the advent of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, minimally invasive techniques have been applied to mediastinal procedures. Robotic surgery has added another dimension to the surgeon’s ability to safely dissect the mediastinum. Robotic-assisted approaches provide enhanced visualization of vital structures as well as improved instrumentation with articulating EndoWrist technology that allows for increased dexterity in tight spaces. Mediastinal procedures are categorized by anatomic location, the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum. Anterior mediastinal masses include thymus/thymoma, germ cell tumors, thyroid, and ectopic parathyroid. The approach to robotic thymectomy is discussed. Middle mediastinal masses include lymph nodes, congenital bronchogenic cysts, pericardial cysts, and on rare occasion solid tumors such ectopic thyroid or parathyroid glands. The approach to robotic middle mediastinal cyst resection as an example is explored. Posterior mediastinal masses include cystic masses of foregut origin or solid tumors of neurogenic origin. Approach to robotic posterior mediastinal masses with schwannoma excision as an example is examined.