To assess the economic viability of strategies such as remanufacturing and refurbishment, it is crucial to calculate and estimate production costs. The transition to Circular Production poses significant challenges for the calculation and estimation of production costs. In comparison to linear economies, Circular Production entails a greater degree of variability in core availability, an inherent uncertainty pertaining to manufacturing routes, and an inherent uncertainty pertaining to process times, largely due to the varying conditions of returned cores. To investigate how these challenges are addressed in the calculation and estimation of production costs for Circular Production, a systematic literature review is conducted. The results are clustered according to the challenges such as varying core return rates and uncertainty in process routes and times. By clustering the existing approaches, the paper defines needs in refining cost calculation and estimation methods to address the complexities introduced by Circular Production practices.