This chapter explores the governance and management characteristics of Japanese and Korean universities, providing insight into their diverse practices in response to environmental challenges and neoliberal influences. By analyzing data from national surveys conducted in 2017, the study reveals the adaptability and flexibility of these institutions, reflecting global trends favoring autonomy. The corporatization of Japanese national universities since 2004 has significantly impacted their governance, aligning with a broader shift toward granting greater autonomy to universities worldwide. Historical influences, including the retention of the German research university model in Japan and a distinctive hybrid governance system in Korea, shape contemporary approaches. As emphasizing research performance, both countries reflect global trends in the competitive landscape of higher education. Striking a balance between centralization and decentralization remains a challenge, echoing the broader issue faced by universities globally. This nuanced understanding is crucial for comprehending the evolving nature of higher education in the twenty-first century.