To explore the coordinated and sustainable development of the Shiyang River Basin water-food-energy-ecosystem (WFEE) to avoid the harm caused by other resource departments due to the development of a single resource sector, the northwest inland The WFEE system of the Shiyang River Basin, one of the river regions is a research object, builds the Basin WFEE system coupling and coordinated evaluation index system. And the characteristics of space-time evolution were studied, and the coupling collaboration of the Shiyang River Basin from 2020–2030. The results showed that: the comprehensive development index of the WFEE system in the Shiyang River Basin in 2000–2020 is at a medium level, and the comprehensive development index of the energy subsystem grows negative; The upward trend has gone through six stages of mild disorders to good coordination; the prediction results show that the coupling coordination of the basin is in a good coordinated transition stage during the predicted period. The research results can provide scientific basis for the sustainable management and efficient development and utilization of the Shiyang River Basin.