Brake wear is a significant source of non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions from light-duty vehicles. The PM2.5 and PM10 particles produced by brake wear pose serious pollution hazards to the atmospheric environment. However, there was a lack of a standardized test method in China to measure the emission characteristics of brake wear particles generated during the actual driving process of vehicles. This paper developed a brake wear particle collection and analysis system based on the chassis dynamometer. The vehicle ran in accordance with the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) on the chassis dynamometer to simulate the actual driving process while measuring brake wear particles. This system could accurately reflect the characteristics of particulate matter emissions during the actual driving process of the vehicle and exhibited high stability and repeatability. The results showed that the normal operation of the fan did not affect the system’s performance. In continuous four WLTC cycle tests of the vehicle, the brake wear particles obtained in each cycle tended to be stable, indicating the high long-term stability of the system. Additionally, the change in brake wear particle emissions with WLTC cycle test speed was analyzed, and the particle size distribution of particulate matter was also examined. In brake wear particulate matter, the PM2.5–10 fraction was the main component.