Strengthening remote supervision for heavy-duty vehicles is a crucial measure for pollution prevention. It supports the development of an automotive powerhouse and contributes to building a beautiful China. To address the lack of comparative analysis between domestic and international emission remote supervision technology, a study was conducted. This research also aimed to clarify future development directions. The study found that remote supervision technology is now widely accepted as a key method for online and real-time supervision of vehicle emissions in leading automotive countries. Currently, China’s technology has gradually caught up with those of the United States, Europe, and Japan. The implementation of this technology has effectively regulated heavy-duty vehicle emissions and enhanced the enforcement capabilities of regulatory authorities. However, future efforts must focus on improving remote supervision for heavy-duty vehicles. (1) a data quality control system should be established to address data quality issues; (2) methods and devices must be developed to detect and prevent data manipulation by users; (3) further research is needed to advance the application of remote supervision technology in the fields of energy consumption and emissions.