Cultural Elements in Death, Dying, and Bereavement
摘要
Culture affects how people view their world. It impacts their thinking, emotions, and actions. Culture is passed on from one generation to another and could undergo changes when in contact with other cultures. It is made up of beliefs and values. These affect attributions people make on death causation and how to grieve following a death. Some cultures (mostly Western) value individualism and the rights of people, whereas others (mostly non-Western) emphasize group superiority/cohesion over individual rights. Along these lines, therefore, in cultures that value individualism, there is also an appreciation for autonomy, egalitarianism, and mastery of the environment. However, in cultures where group superiority is valued, individuals get their bearing from the group, from respect for norms and hierarchy, and are in harmony with their environment. Yet with acculturation influences some individuals embrace both value systems. Within each society (individualist and collectivist), however, people of different groups reflect a variation of cultural values. By taking this into account, bereavement counselors/healthcare professionals would have a better insight into how the bereaved is handling their loss.