This chapter delves into the nuanced and complex process of technology commercialization, breaking it into manageable stages to help organizations effectively transition innovations from the lab to market. It emphasizes the importance of aligning technology, market needs, and business models early in the process while providing frameworks such as Goldsmith’s matrix and Jolly’s lifecycle to guide decision-making. Through examples and case studies from academic institutions, corporate innovation processes, venture spinouts, and tech incubators, the chapter illustrates best practices for integrating internal and external capabilities, forming strategic partnerships, and leveraging innovation ecosystems. The discussion underscores that R&D alone is not sufficient for innovation success; robust commercialization capabilities and external networking are essential for turning technological breakthroughs into impactful, market-ready products. The chapter concludes by highlighting that structured processes, strategic collaborations, and investment in commercialization capabilities serve as a bridge between R&D and innovation performance, laying the groundwork for future discussions on agility and public R&D funding.