This chapter introduces the fundamental concept of the electric potential (V) as a scalar field from which the electrostatic field ( \(\textbf{E}\) ) can be derived, emphasizing the relationship \(\textbf{E}= -\mathbf {\nabla } V\) . This formulation, combined with Gauss’s law, provides a complete and often more convenient framework for solving electrostatic problems. The chapter details the definition of electric potential, including considerations for absolute potential (relative to infinity) and potential relative to ground. A significant portion is dedicated to the relationship between work, electric potential, and energy. It establishes that the work done by the electric field on a charge is path-independent, leading to the definition of electrostatic potential energy for both discrete and continuous charge distributions. The concept of electrostatic energy density is introduced, demonstrating that the total energy can be interpreted as localized in regions where the electric field is non-zero. The chapter further explores the multipole expansion, a powerful technique for approximating the electric potential of an arbitrary charge distribution at large distances. This expansion introduces the concepts of monopole, dipole, and quadrupole moments, highlighting how the far-field behavior of the potential and electric field is dominated by the lowest non-zero moment. Special attention is given to the electric dipole, including its definition, the potential and field it generates, and its behavior (potential energy, force, and torque) in an external electric field. Finally, the chapter formalizes the two fundamental laws of electrostatics: Gauss’s law (in its differential form, relating divergence of \(\textbf{E}\) to charge density) and the circulation law (stating that the curl of \(\textbf{E}\) is zero, implying the conservative nature of the electrostatic field). It concludes by demonstrating, through Helmholtz’s decomposition theorem, that these two differential laws are sufficient to uniquely determine the electric field, thereby retrieving Coulomb’s law.