The problem of self-rehabilitation irrigation is extremely relevant at the stage of the development of salt deposits. In the Carpathian region of Ukraine, the Kalush-Holynsk, Stebnytsk, and Solotvyn deposits underwent so-called “wet” conservation by irrigation with unsaturated brines after extraction. The processes that took place at the same time were investigated by the methods of field observations of catastrophic phenomena, topographic-geodetic surveying, hydrogeological observations, detailed analysis of geological maps and sections, modeling and forecasting of subsidence and deformations of the earth’s surface, comparison of their space–time and balance parameters. The appearance of freshwater tributaries in the mines of the Stebnytsky deposit is due to complex hydrogeological conditions. Filling the produced workings with unsaturated brines created a risk of losing the stability of the inter-chamber walls and ceilings of mine 2. Indicators of the destruction of inter-chamber walls and ceilings are water level fluctuations in mining workings and accelerated subsidence of the earth’s surface. Control over the movement of solutions and leaching of salts was carried out from 2009 to 2021 through regular visual and instrumental hydrogeological monitoring. The monitoring network consists of 30 “cluster” observation wells drilled to suprasaline and Quaternary aquifers. According to the results of hydrogeological observations and calculations, it was established that from 1978 to 2002, about 4.5 million m3 of brines entered mine 2 and about 600 thousand m3 of karst cavities were formed. During further flooding until 2023, seven holes were destroyed with the formation of two large sinkholes. The movement of the main water flow goes from the side of the Truskavet forest massif to the place of penetration into the salt-bearing stratum, passes along the surface of the salt mirror and is carried out through axial, main brine-conducting channels within a narrow local zone, which spatially coincides with the extent of the rocks, the flow is unloaded in the spent chambers of the salt layer. The direction of water flow along the identified main channels and the contours of the depression funnel were determined. The movement of the water flow from the side of the Truskavet forest massif along the identified trunk channels was indicated by the experimental work we performed on pumping an indicator substance into special wells; observation of the level of underground water and the contour of the formed depression funnel; observation of land subsidence. The formation of the depression funnel advances in the northwest direction, which indicates the development of a karst channel in the massif of salt rocks.

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Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Deformation of the Earth’s Surface After Mining Operations Within the Boundaries of the Carpathian Potash Mines of the Stebnytsy Deposit of Ukraine

  • Zenon Khevpa,
  • Viktor Dolin,
  • Yevheniy Yakovlev

摘要

The problem of self-rehabilitation irrigation is extremely relevant at the stage of the development of salt deposits. In the Carpathian region of Ukraine, the Kalush-Holynsk, Stebnytsk, and Solotvyn deposits underwent so-called “wet” conservation by irrigation with unsaturated brines after extraction. The processes that took place at the same time were investigated by the methods of field observations of catastrophic phenomena, topographic-geodetic surveying, hydrogeological observations, detailed analysis of geological maps and sections, modeling and forecasting of subsidence and deformations of the earth’s surface, comparison of their space–time and balance parameters. The appearance of freshwater tributaries in the mines of the Stebnytsky deposit is due to complex hydrogeological conditions. Filling the produced workings with unsaturated brines created a risk of losing the stability of the inter-chamber walls and ceilings of mine 2. Indicators of the destruction of inter-chamber walls and ceilings are water level fluctuations in mining workings and accelerated subsidence of the earth’s surface. Control over the movement of solutions and leaching of salts was carried out from 2009 to 2021 through regular visual and instrumental hydrogeological monitoring. The monitoring network consists of 30 “cluster” observation wells drilled to suprasaline and Quaternary aquifers. According to the results of hydrogeological observations and calculations, it was established that from 1978 to 2002, about 4.5 million m3 of brines entered mine 2 and about 600 thousand m3 of karst cavities were formed. During further flooding until 2023, seven holes were destroyed with the formation of two large sinkholes. The movement of the main water flow goes from the side of the Truskavet forest massif to the place of penetration into the salt-bearing stratum, passes along the surface of the salt mirror and is carried out through axial, main brine-conducting channels within a narrow local zone, which spatially coincides with the extent of the rocks, the flow is unloaded in the spent chambers of the salt layer. The direction of water flow along the identified main channels and the contours of the depression funnel were determined. The movement of the water flow from the side of the Truskavet forest massif along the identified trunk channels was indicated by the experimental work we performed on pumping an indicator substance into special wells; observation of the level of underground water and the contour of the formed depression funnel; observation of land subsidence. The formation of the depression funnel advances in the northwest direction, which indicates the development of a karst channel in the massif of salt rocks.