As a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and an essential constituent of crude oil, paraffin wax occurs as solid white form with potential applications. The rapid industrialization has witnessed global demand for crude oil since last few decades. In response to continuous rising demand, exploitation of more heavy crude oil reservoirs is being done, raising new technological issues from extraction, transportation and refinement level. However, production barrier may be critical where accumulation of paraffin wax on tubing surfaces during the extraction of oil and gas may occur. The prevention of wax accumulation frequently necessitates the usage of costly and hazardous chemical substances. To address such issue, wax-degrading bacteria may ne biotechnologically exploited. These microorganisms create microbial surfactants that effectively emulsify waxy compounds and promote the breakdown of such substances. Microbiome belonging to various genera like Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Micrococcus, Nocardia, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus and Proteus are abundant in the environment. Such groups of bacteria possess the ability to break down residues with a high content of waxy substances. The present chapter outlines the possible microbial diversity, their function and biological mechanisms employed by paraffin wax degrading microorganisms for a sustainable remediation in petroleum contaminated environments.