Due to rising energy demands and limited fossil fuel supplies, countries throughout the world are looking at boosting the use of alternative energy sources or increasing production from existing reserves. Surfactant injection is a well-known technology for enhancing oil recovery (EOR) because it decreases the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water, hence increasing oil output. However, there are also some disadvantages to employing surfactants, such as their availability from non-renewable resources, their high cost, their influence on humans and other creatures due to their toxicological potential, and their negative environmental implications. Biosurfactants reduce the surface tension (ST) of a liquid phase and the interfacial tension (IFT) of two different phases; they are microbiological surface-active agents. They are biotechnological products of high value because of their many uses, low toxicity, ease of preparation, and specific performance in fields as varied as organic chemicals and fertilisers, agrochemicals, metallurgy and mining, cosmetics, foods, medicine, pharmaceuticals, beverages, environmental management, and petroleum and petrochemical applications in emulsifying and demulsifying wetting agents, detergent spreading, and foaming agents. Since bacteria are responsible for biosurfactant synthesis, the wide range of genetic diversity among microbes provides a robust capacity to manufacture novel biosurfactants that can advance EOR technology.