Water, as a vital natural resource, exhibits uneven distribution both temporally and spatially. It serves as a cornerstone for sustaining human life and economic activities, fulfilling crucial roles such as providing drinking water, supporting irrigation, and facilitating industrial operations. Despite its fundamental importance, the availability of water is increasingly jeopardized by escalating human populations and heightened demands for high-quality water for various domestic and economic endeavors. The extraction of water for agricultural, industrial, and other purposes, coupled with inadequate treatment practices, can detrimentally impact water quality and quantity, thereby risking both aquatic ecosystems and the provision of safe drinking water.