This chapter serves as a general introduction to the debate about the ethical legal dilemmas of incorporating artificial intelligence into the public and private sphere in Latin America. It provides an overview of the actual political and economic settings that shape the rising popularization of AI in the region: migration crises, political polarization, and economic inflation, but also a great enthusiasm at a local and national level to approach these disruptive technologies. In addition, this work presents a briefing on every individual chapter included in this volume, describing their subjects, objectives, and questionings. These chapters discuss the social impact of current advances in artificial intelligence in Latin America, and the potential ethical and legal controversies derived from its incorporation to improve public services and corporative objectives, but also individual’s daily activities. Its aim is to contribute to the discussion on the ethical and legal debate about using AI, a topic that has been deeply examined on other latitudes, but that required further consideration regarding how Latin Americans have employed AI to comply with private and public aims.