During the Late Modern Period, significant advancements were made in falcon research. Improved taxonomy, supported by extensive specimen collections, provided valuable insights into species’ classification, status, and distribution. Concurrently, ornithological manuals transitioned into more scientific and well-organized resources, enhancing their usefulness for researchers. Basic information on reproductive biology, including phenology, nest sites, and clutch size, is generally obtained for all species, but much of the data remains based on incidental observations. The 1930s introduced ethology, a discipline dedicated to the systematic study of animal behavior using quantitative methods. This approach laid the foundation for much of modern research. Despite these advancements, falcons continue to face threats from persecution and hunting, driven by their reputation as harmful species. However, growing conservation efforts are increasingly aimed at ensuring their long-term protection.