This chapter explores the concept of rights. First, we consider the historical origins of the rights discourse and learn that rights generate corresponding duties. We find that legal and moral rights can be separated, and explore defences of the value of autonomy. We discuss two influential theories—the choice or will theory and the well-being or interest theory—and look at the idea of children as rights holders and the development of autonomy. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss whether education should aim at the cultivation of good citizens and consider three conceptions of citizenship; the liberal conception, the communitarian conception, and the civic republican conception. Since the liberal conception is closely associated with the idea of rights, we explore what it means to be a good citizen of the liberal state and the type of education this might require. We also evaluate some potential objections to teaching for liberal citizenship originating from the idea of parents rights and the cultural rights of minority communities. Finally, we consider an applied example of relevance to the concepts and educational aim we had been discussing—the teaching of ‘Fundamental British Values’ in English schools.