Calculating Monetary Value for ESG Scores: A Case Study on GNO
摘要
Sustainability reporting and current environmental, social, and governance (ESG) metrics have gained significant importance in assessing organizational performance beyond traditional financial metrics. However, quantifying sustainability and ESG scores in monetary terms remains a challenge. This paper explores how the value model, developed within Doshisha University in Kyoto, Japan, and Areopa’s ten-step and four-leaf models, incorporating the 77 formulas and 927 added value-creating phenomena, can be combined to assign monetary values to ESG scores. Using GNO, a biologicals company as a case study, this paper demonstrates the practical application of the proposed framework to assign monetary value to ESG scores. The chapter also discusses the potential future research into how business models may affect ESG scoring and asset attribution.