International medical education is currently engaged in a paradigm shift in the delivery of curriculum as countries transition to a competency-based model. This is aimed at being learner-centered, time-flexible, and outcomes-driven, encompassing frequent, low-stakes objective assessments to determine competence in pre-specified areas. Competency-based education (CBE) aims to raise the bar for success in a high-stakes field, and can easily be applied to trauma team training. Principles are borrowed from other fields of expertise and propelled by a perceived failure of traditional, time-based training. In this chapter, we will describe the history of CBE as it relates to the medical field, the key principles of effective CBE, and provide specific examples of how CBE has been integrated into trauma team training.