Malaria accounts for a substantial amount of perinatal morbidity and mortality among infants born to women living in or traveling to malaria-endemic areas. Infants with congenital or postnatally acquired malaria present with fever, hemolytic anemia, and splenomegaly. Diagnosis can be made by examining thick and thin blood smears. Prompt treatment with oral therapy is associated with good outcomes in most cases, but severe disease may require intravenous therapy or even exchange transfusion to reduce parasite load. Prevention efforts should focus on mosquito avoidance and antimalarial prophylaxis.