This present chapter explores the multifaceted nature of emotion. It begins with a conceptualization of emotions and a presentation of basic typologies that draw on both older and contemporary sources. It traces the historical and diachronic development of theories of emotion in the context of learning. The body of the chapter is divided into two main parts. The first one focuses on positive emotions. It begins with an introduction into positive psychology and its applications in the educational environment. Further, the typology and functions of positive emotions are delineated, and enjoyment is conceptualized as a psychological construct that influences individual functioning and holds significant relevance within educational contexts. The second part of the chapter focuses on negative emotions and their typologies, leading to a detailed exploration of anxiety as a psychological construct. This section includes a presentation of different anxiety typologies, setting the stage for a nuanced discussion of how anxiety affects one's performance in various domains. Through this structured approach, the chapter aims to provide a coherent understanding of the emotional landscape of learning, highlighting both the positive and negative emotions that shape learners’ experiences in the classroom, with enjoyment and anxiety being at the heart of the discussion.