Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges within the US prison system, yet there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding and accommodation for incarcerated individuals with ASD. This paper explores the prevalence of ASD among prisoners, the challenges they face within the criminal justice system, and the causes and risk factors contributing to their incarceration. Additionally, this chapter discusses strategies for prevention, early intervention, and post-prison support. The legal and policy implications are examined, highlighting the importance of protecting the rights of individuals with ASD and advocating for policy changes to support their needs. Promising initiatives in various states and successful reintegration stories underscore the potential for positive outcomes with adequate support and accommodation. By addressing the specific needs of prisoners with ASD, we can strive toward a more equitable and just criminal justice system for all individuals, regardless of neurodevelopmental differences.