While the machine penalty is more narrowly focused on certain scope conditions, history and the research literature paint a picture of how humans diminish machines more broadly. First, I look to history and show that people have been skeptical of machines and computation for a long time, including the classic Luddite revolt and the deception of the Mechanical Turk chess playing automaton. Second, I consider how I uncovered the machine penalty in my own early research. Third, more recent social science research includes algorithmic aversion and algorithm appreciation, which are similar to the machine penalty and the machine advantage, respectively. The explosion of research literature around these topics shows support for the penalty, as well as a number of causes of it, which I detail in the next chapter.