Back pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition affecting millions worldwide, representing the leading cause of disability in 160 countries. This chapter explores nonoperative approaches to managing back pain, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to mitigate the profound impact on mobility, productivity, and quality of life. Furthermore, this chapter includes relevant clinical features, physical examination techniques, and diagnostic tests, all of which are crucial for healthcare providers to enhance diagnostic accuracy and patient care. The chapter delves into conservative management strategies such as patient education, self-care, physical therapy, manual therapy, and pharmacological interventions. Additionally, the role of a multidisciplinary care team, including primary care physicians, rehabilitation specialists, pain management experts, and mental health professionals, is highlighted in providing complete care. Adherence to evidence-based guidelines and best practices is emphasized to optimize patient outcomes. This comprehensive approach highlights the significance of nonoperative management in treating back pain, aiming to improve patient well-being and functionality.